用习惯了redhat系列记录ubuntu与redhat不同的一些地方防火墙防火墙ufw vs firewalldsystemctl status ufw.serviceselinuxubuntu默认不安装selinux关机与重启ubuntu关机halt 物理机会卡在System halted黑屏界面需要手动按电源按钮断电halt -p 强制切断电源等价poweroffshutdown -h now 优雅关机 ******init 0 不能关机init 6 不能重启重启用reboot网络配置两种渲染器systemd-networkd服务器版默认内存占用小NetworkManager桌面版默认netplan get renderer 查看使用的渲染器输出null时结合OS版本判断networkctlnetworkctl down ens33 链路downnetwork up ens33 链路up网络配置文件/etc/netplan/00-installer-config.yamlcat /etc/netplan/00-installer-config.yamlnetwork:version: 2ethernets:ens33:match:macaddress: 00:0c:29:24:79:1bdhcp4: truedhcp6: trueset-name: ens33ens34:dhcp4: truedhcp6: trueaccept-ra: true如果出现多网卡网关导致路由问题在非默认岀口网卡上增加以下选项dhcp4-overrides:use-routes: falserootserver:~# cat /etc/netplan/00-installer-config.yaml # This is the network config written by subiquity network: ethernets: ens33: addresses: - 192.168.3.123/24 nameservers: addresses: - 223.5.5.5 - 223.6.6.6 routes: - to: default via: 192.168.3.1 dhcp4: false ens34: accept-ra: true dhcp4: true dhcp4-overrides: use-routes: false version: 2查看IP地址netplan status能够获取IP、网关、DNS等信息ip address只能看到IP地址服务器版默认使用systemd-networkd管理网络使用netplan进行配置netplan get renderer 输出为null默认为systemd-networkd管理网络设置固定IPnetplan get可获取配置文件内容通过配置文件修改IP地址cat /etc/netplan/00-installer-config.yamlnetwork:version: 2renderer: networkdethernets:ens33:match:macaddress: 00:0c:29:24:79:1boptional: true 网卡状态不会阻塞开机过程addresses:- 192.168.3.113/24nameservers:addresses:- 223.5.5.5- 223.6.6.6dhcp4: falsedhcp6: trueset-name: ens33routes:- to: defaultvia: 192.168.3.1ens34:dhcp4: truedhcp6: trueaccept-ra: true通过netplan命令修改设置静态IP按照yaml定义层级逐级写netplan set ethernets.ens33.addresses[192.168.3.113/24] 添加静态IP地址但不删除原IPnetplan set ethernets.ens33.addressesnull要想只设置一个IP需先设置为空后再添加netplan set ethernets.ens33.routes[{to:default,via:192.168.3.1}] 设置默认路由网关netplan set ethernets.ens33.nameservers.addresses[223.5.5.5,8.8.8.8] 添加而不删除所有命令均需在执行netplan apply后生效切换回dhcpnetplan set ethernets.ens33.addressesnull 先清除所有IPnetplan set ethernets.ens33.dhcp4true 再设置为dhcp 之后netplan apply生效netplan set ethernets.ens33.gateway4null 将某参数设置为空删除此参数设置双网卡绑定modprobe bondingecho bonding | sudo tee -a /etc/modules测试时拔网线不要使用networkctl或ip link set控制802.3ad模式cat /etc/netplan/00-installer-config.yamlnetwork:version: 2renderer: networkdethernets:ens33: {}ens34: {}bonds:bond0:interfaces:- ens33- ens34addresses:- 192.168.3.113/24routes:- to: defaultvia: 192.168.3.1nameservers:addresses:- 223.5.5.5- 223.6.6.6parameters:mode: 802.3admii-monitor-interval: 100transmit-hash-policy: lay34如果交换机没有配置聚合组则会收到报错信息active-backup模式cat /etc/netplan/00-installer-config.yamlnetwork:version: 2renderer: networkdethernets:ens33: {}ens34: {}bonds:bond0:interfaces:- ens33- ens34addresses:- 192.168.3.113/24routes:- to: defaultvia: 192.168.3.1nameservers:addresses:- 223.5.5.5- 223.6.6.6parameters:mode: active-backupprimary: ens33mii-monitor-interval: 100balance-alb模式cat /etc/netplan/00-installer-config.yamlnetwork:version: 2renderer: networkdethernets:ens33: {}ens34: {}bonds:bond0:interfaces:- ens33- ens34addresses:- 192.168.3.113/24routes:- to: defaultvia: 192.168.3.1nameservers:addresses:- 223.5.5.5- 223.6.6.6parameters:mode: balance-albprimary: ens33mii-monitor-interval: 100服务器版切换renderer将systemd-networkd切换为NetworkManagerapt install network-managersystemctl disable --now systemd-networkdsystemctl enable --now NetworkManager修改配置文件加入下图红框设置 vim /etc/netplan/00-installer-config.yaml之后netplan applysystemctl restart NetworkManager如果要切换回netplan设置renderer为networkd桌面版默认使用Network-Manager管理网络使用nmcli进行配置可以使用nmcli及nmtui设置IP地址与redhat系列配置一样nmtui设置网卡绑定参考linux网卡绑定bond设置一步不少_linux图形化如何配置bond-CSDN博客https://blog.csdn.net/zhangli2009x/article/details/161117232?spm1001.2014.3001.5501软件包管理aptapt 相当于yum 或 dnfapt install net-toolsapt install -d xxx 只下载不安装apt search nginx 查找nginxapt show nginx 显示nginx属性信息apt list --all-versions nginx 查看nginx所有版本apt list --installed 查看本机已安装软件apt list --upgradable 仅查看可升级的包不执行升级apt remove 删除软件不删除配置文件apt purge 彻底删除软件移除配置文件apt clean 清理缓存apt-mark hold nginx 锁定nginx版本防止升级生产实用apt-mark unhold nginx 解除锁定apt-mark showhold 显示所有锁定dpkgdpkg相当于rpmdpkg -i xx.deb 安装dpkg -r xx.deb 卸载保留配置文件dpkg -P xx.deb 卸载移除配置文件dpkg -l 列出所有dpkg -l | grep openssl 过滤dpkg -S /usr/bin/nmcli 查询文件属于哪个包dpkg -L openssl-server 查询包安装了哪些文件软件仓库配置cat /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ubuntu.sources替换为阿里仓库源Ubuntu镜像-Ubuntu镜像下载安装-开源镜像站-阿里云https://developer.aliyun.com/mirror/ubuntu?spma2c6h.13651102.0.0.89821b11tbiL2KDNSresolvectl 查看dns日志/var/log/syslog # 综合系统日志日常排错首选替代messages/var/log/kern.log # 内核日志网卡、bond、驱动、硬件报错重点看这里/var/log/auth.log # SSH登录、sudo、认证安全日志/var/log/dmesg # 开机内核缓冲区日志/var/log/ufw.log # 防火墙日志/var/log/dpkg.log # apt/dpkg软件安装日志/var/log/boot.log # 系统启动日志journalctl -f # 实时跟踪所有日志journalctl -k # 只看内核日志等同于kern.logjournalctl --since 1 hour agojournalctl -u systemd-networkd # 只看网络服务日志设置时区timedatectl list-timezones | grep -i shanghaitimedatectl set-timezone Asia/Shanghaisystemctl restart systemd-timedated.service