VirtualBox 集群环境下 MySQL 5.7 完整安装教程（master 服务端 + slave 客户端）

一、环境说明节点角色操作系统核心操作masterMySQL 服务端CentOS 7安装完整 MySQL 服务 授权slave1/slave2MySQL 客户端CentOS 7仅安装客户端远程访问 master二、前置准备修复所有节点的 yum 源CentOS 7 官方源已停更1. 所有节点执行master/slave1/slave2# 1. 备份原有 yum 配置 mv /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo.bak # 2. 编辑阿里云 yum 源配置 vi /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo2. 粘贴以下阿里云源配置清空原有内容[base] nameCentOS-7 - Base - mirrors.aliyun.com failovermethodpriority baseurlhttp://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/ http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/ http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/ gpgcheck1 gpgkeyhttp://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7 [updates] nameCentOS-7 - Updates - mirrors.aliyun.com failovermethodpriority baseurlhttp://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/7/updates/x86_64/ http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/7/updates/x86_64/ http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/centos/7/updates/x86_64/ gpgcheck1 gpgkeyhttp://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7 [extras] nameCentOS-7 - Extras - mirrors.aliyun.com failovermethodpriority baseurlhttp://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/7/extras/x86_64/ http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/7/extras/x86_64/ http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/centos/7/extras/x86_64/ gpgcheck1 gpgkeyhttp://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-73. 刷新 yum 缓存所有节点yum clean all yum makecache三、master 节点安装 MySQL 服务端1. 上传并解压 MySQL 安装包通过 MobaXterm 将mysql-5.7.44-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar上传至 master 节点/usr/local/mysql解压安装包mkdir -p /usr/local/mysql cd /usr/local/mysql tar -xvf mysql-5.7.44-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar2. 卸载冲突包CentOS 7 预装 mariadb-libsrpm -e --nodeps mariadb-libs3. 安装必备依赖yum install -y libaio numactl perl net-tools perl-Getopt-Long4. 按顺序安装 MySQL RPM 包# 1. 公共依赖包 rpm -ivh mysql-community-common-5.7.44-1.el7.x86_64.rpm # 2. 库文件包 rpm -ivh mysql-community-libs-5.7.44-1.el7.x86_64.rpm # 3. 客户端包master 也需安装用于本地操作 rpm -ivh mysql-community-client-5.7.44-1.el7.x86_64.rpm # 4. 服务端包 rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-5.7.44-1.el7.x86_64.rpm注Header V4 RSA签名警告可忽略不影响功能。5. 初始化并启动 MySQL 服务初始化生成临时密码 mysqld --initialize --usermysql # 启动服务 设置开机自启 systemctl start mysqld systemctl enable mysqld # 查看服务状态确认启动成功 systemctl status mysqld6. 修改 root 密码MySQL 5.7 强制密码复杂度# 1. 获取初始临时密码 grep temporary password /var/log/mysqld.log # 2. 登录 mysql -uroot -p # 输入临时密码 # 3. 修改 root 密码示例123456需包含大小写数字特殊字符 ALTER USER rootlocalhost IDENTIFIED BY 123456; FLUSH PRIVILEGES; # 4. 退出验证 exit mysql -uroot -p123456 # 能登录即密码修改成功7. 创建 Hadoop 用户并授予全权限适配集群访问登录 root 账户后执行 GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO hadoop% IDENTIFIED BY Hadoop123; GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO hadooplocalhost IDENTIFIED BY Hadoop123; GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO hadoopmaster IDENTIFIED BY Hadoop123; FLUSH PRIVILEGES; # 刷新权限必执行8. 放行 3306 端口允许 slave 节点远程访问firewall-cmd --add-port3306/tcp --permanent firewall-cmd --reload四、slave1/slave2 节点安装 MySQL 客户端仅客户端轻量1. 从 master 拷贝安装包到 slave 节点在 master 节点执行# 拷贝 3 个核心包到 /root 目录便于传输 cp /usr/local/mysql/mysql-community-common-5.7.44-1.el7.x86_64.rpm /root/ cp /usr/local/mysql/mysql-community-libs-5.7.44-1.el7.x86_64.rpm /root/ cp /usr/local/mysql/mysql-community-client-5.7.44-1.el7.x86_64.rpm /root/通过 MobaXterm 将上述 3 个包拖拽到 slave 节点的/root目录。2. slave 节点执行安装# 1. 卸载冲突包 rpm -e --nodeps mariadb-libs # 2. 按顺序安装依赖必须前置 rpm -ivh /root/mysql-community-common-5.7.44-1.el7.x86_64.rpm rpm -ivh /root/mysql-community-libs-5.7.44-1.el7.x86_64.rpm rpm -ivh /root/mysql-community-client-5.7.44-1.el7.x86_64.rpm3. 验证 slave 节点远程访问 master# 执行远程登录命令master IP 替换为实际地址如 192.168.56.110 mysql -uhadoop -pHadoop123 -h 192.168.56.110 # 验证权限创建测试库 CREATE DATABASE test_hadoop; SHOW DATABASES; # 显示 test_hadoop 即成功五、常见问题与解决方案问题现象原因解决方法yum install提示无法解析 mirrorlist.centos.orgCentOS 7 官方源停更替换为阿里云 yum 源步骤二安装 libs 包提示mariadb-libs is obsoleted包冲突rpm -e --nodeps mariadb-libs强制卸载安装 libs 包提示mysql-community-common 5.7.9 is needed依赖缺失先安装mysql-community-common包slave 节点mysql: command not found未安装客户端按步骤四安装 client 包slave 无法远程登录 master防火墙未放行 3306 端口master 节点执行firewall-cmd --add-port3306/tcp --permanent firewall-cmd --reload密码修改失败提示policy requirements密码复杂度不足密码需包含「大小写数字特殊字符」如Hadoop123六、总结master节点核心替换 yum 源 → 卸载冲突包 → 按common→libs→client→server安装 → 初始化改密码 → 授权放行端口slave节点核心从 master 拷贝包 → 卸载冲突包 → 按common→libs→client安装 → 远程登录验证关键原则MySQL 5.7 依赖顺序不可乱密码必须满足复杂度远程访问需放行 3306 端口该教程适配 VirtualBox 下 CentOS 7 集群可直接用于 Hadoop 集群对接 MySQL 的部署场景。