CentOS版本差异详解和系统信息查看方法

CentOS身为企业级Linux发行版, 它的版本演进对服务器选型以及运维策略有着直接影响, 从CentOS 6到CentOS Stream, 各个版本在生命周期方面、软件包管理方面以及内核特性方面都有非常明显的差异, 可掌握系统信息查询技能却是日常管理的基础本文依据实际运维经验来梳理版本特性和关键查询命令。版本迭代的核心变化CentOS 8是从CentOS 6升级跨度最大的版本, CentOS 6是基于RHEL 6而成, 且采用ext4文件系统以及SysVinit初始化系统, 还支持Xen虚拟化, 它在2020年结束了生命周期, 当前仅有少量遗留系统仍在运行。CentOS 7全面转换到了systemd和XFS文件系统 , 默认情形下用firewalld替换了iptables, 对Docker容器的支持更为完善, 成为过去五年里最主流的服务器版本。CentOS 8时, dnf替代yum成了包管理器, 模块化流也就是AppStream, 它能让不同版本的软件同时进行安装, 然而在2021年底就早早地停止维护了, 这让众多运维人员毫无防备, 十分突然。CentOS Stream的定位有着更为特别之处, 它并非是对RHEL的全然克隆, 而是属于滚动更新的那种“上游预览版”, 处于Fedora和RHEL两者之间, 这就表明你没法获取到长期稳定的API和ABI, 不过能够提前去体验新特性, 适宜用于开发测试环境而非生产服务器, 要是你需要长期的稳定, 倒不如直接去考虑Rocky Linux或者AlmaLinux这类替代品。系统信息查询的关键命令用lscpu查看CPU信息最为直接, 它能够让你知悉架构、核心数、线程数以及虚拟化支持情况。在内存方面, free -h用来展示总量与使用量, 然而更细致的缓存以及缓冲区信息得查看cat /proc/meminfo。借助lsblk可对磁盘分区进行查看, 从而了解设备树结构, df -hT则会告知你挂载点、文件系统类型以及剩余空间状况。将这些命令组合起来, 在一两分钟之内便能够摸清楚服务器硬件的底细。关于内核与发行版信息, 存在专门的工具, uname -a会输出内核版本、主机名以及硬件架构, cat /etc/os-release或者hostnamectl会显示CentOS的具体版本号, 要是你想知道某个软件包版本, 在CentOS 7上rpm -qa | grep包名仍然可以使用, 在CentOS 8及以上, 则需使用dnf list installed。在网络配置相关领域, 通过ip addr去查看IP地址, 借助ss -tlnp来查看监听端口, 这二者取代了以往老旧的ifconfig以及netstat。运行时长以及系统启动的时间, 借助应用uptime便可查看得到, 并且还会附带负载均衡方面的数据。要是对系统之中存有疑问觉得拥有异常进程情况, top 或者 htop 则能够实时监控 CPU方面以及内存的情况, 知晓哪组进程占用情况是最高的。日志查询这一行为离开了journalctl那是不行的, 可以使用journalctl -u服务名来精确地过滤某一个服务之中的日志这种方式比去翻/var/log/messages要高效出许多。https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504959https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504955https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504958https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504956https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504957https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504954https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504953https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504952https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504951https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504950https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504949https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504948https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504947https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504946https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504945https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504945https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504944https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504944https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504943https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504942https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504941https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504940https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504939https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504938https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504937https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504936https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504935https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504934https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504933https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504932https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504931https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504930https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504928https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504929https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504926https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504927https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504925https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504924https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504923https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504922https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504921https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504920https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504919https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504918https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504917https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504916https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504915https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504914https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504912https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504913https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504911https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504910https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504909https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504908https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504907https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504906https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504905https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504904https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504903https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504902https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504901https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504900https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504899https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504895https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504898https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504896https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504897https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504893https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504894https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504892https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504891https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504890https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504889https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504888https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504887https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504886https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504885https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504884https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504883https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504882https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504881https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504880https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504879https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504878https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504877https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504876https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504875https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504874https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504873https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504872https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504871https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504870https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504869https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504867https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504868https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504862https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504863https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504864https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504865https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504866https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504861https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504860https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504858https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504859https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504857https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504856https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504855https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504854https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504853https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504852https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504851https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504850https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504849https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504848https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504846https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504847https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504845https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504844https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504843https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504842https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504841https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504840https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504839https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504838https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504837https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504836https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504835https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504834https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504833https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504832https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504831https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504830https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504829https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504828https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504827https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504826https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504825https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504822https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504824https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504823https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504821https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504820https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504819https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504818https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504817https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504816https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504815https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504814https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504813https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504812https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504811https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504810https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1505039https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1505038https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1505037https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1505036https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1505035https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1505034https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1505033https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1505032https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1505031https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1505030https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1505029https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1505027https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1505028https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1505026https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1505025https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1505024https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1505023https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1505022https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1505021https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1505020https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1505019https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1505018https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1505017https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1505016https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1505015https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1505014https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1505013https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1505012https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1505011https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1505010https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1505009https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1505008https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1505007https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1505006https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1505005https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1505004https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1505003https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1505002https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1505001https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1505000https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504999https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504998https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504997https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504996https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504995https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504994https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504993https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504992https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504991https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504990https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504989https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504988https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504987https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504986https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504985https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504984https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504983https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504982https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504981https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504980https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504979https://www.hongxiu.com/booklist/1504978